Grid · Tuesday, October 6
A field guide to the equipment that actually matters
Poles are common. Extra-high-voltage transformers are not. Learn the difference and the news gets less noisy.
by: Andrew, Co-Founder at Blackout Briefing

Distribution poles and neighborhood transformers are replaced constantly. They are not the scarce object in an EMP or CME scenario. The scarce objects are large transformers at transmission substations, some generator step-up units, and the control systems that let humans run the rest safely.
A generator step-up unit is the transformer that connects a power plant to the high-voltage system. It is not the can on a neighborhood pole, and it is not something a crew hangs before lunch. A photograph of a burned pole, captioned as if the interconnection were over, has swapped the common object for the scarce one.
Control systems are scarce in a different way. Iron that is still standing does not safely run itself. Relays, communications, and the picture an operator watches are how a person decides what to energize. A yard with intact machines and a blind control house is not a restored grid. It is a yard.
When a story says “the grid,” ask which of those it means. A downed line in a storm is a crew story. A wrecked 500-kilovolt unit is a manufacturing story. The recovery clocks have nothing to do with each other.
A crew story ends when people, a replacement of the ordinary kind, and a passable road are in the same place. A manufacturing story ends when a large machine built for a particular site exists again and can be moved. Those are different industries. Coverage that puts them on one clock will be wrong about one of them, usually in the hopeful direction.
"We have spares" is not a field identification until you know spares of what. Spares of neighborhood cans are a normal warehouse fact. Spares of the transmission units a particular station would need are the fact a hearing has trouble saying out loud. The first does not substitute for the second.
Blackout Briefing’s grid coverage will keep saying which one we mean. Precision is the whole service. If the word is transformer, the sentence has to say whether it is the pole or the large transmission unit. If we cannot tell, we do not have the story.
Sources
- Evaluation of the Physical Security Reliability Standard and Physical Attacks on the Bulk-Power System — Federal Energy Regulatory Commission · the article this brief was written from
- Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbance — Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
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